Botswana †From Ancient Times to Current Democracy

The Republic of Botswana in southern Africa was once a British protectorate but now is an independent country with a stable democracy. It is also an economic success story, rising from its status as one of the poorest countries of the world to the middle-income level, with sound financial institutions and plans to reinvest its natural resource income. Botswana  is a landlocked country dominated by the Kalahari Desert and flatlands, rich in diamonds and other minerals. Early History and People Botswana has been inhabited by humans since the dawn of modern humans about 100,000 years ago. The San and Khoi peoples were the original inhabitants of this area and South Africa. They lived as hunter-gatherers and spoke Khoisan languages, noted for their click consonants. Migrations of People into Botswana The Great Zimbabwe empire extended into eastern Botswana a thousand years ago, and more groups migrated into the Transvaal. The areas major ethnic group is the Batswana who were herders and farmers living in tribal groups. There were larger migrations into Botswana of these people from South Africa during the Zulu wars of the early 1800s. The group traded ivory and skins with the Europeans in exchange for guns and were Christianized by missionaries. British Establish the Bechuanaland Protectorate Dutch Boer settlers entered Botswana from the Transvaal, sparking hostilities with the Batswana. The leaders of the Batswana sought assistance from the British. As a result, the Bechuanaland Protectorate was established on March 31, 1885, including modern Botswana and parts of present-day South Africa. Pressure to Join the Union of South Africa The inhabitants of the protectorate did not want to be included in the proposed Union of South Africa when it was formed in 1910. They were successful in staving it off, but South Africa continued to pressure the UK to incorporate Bechuanaland, Basutoland, and Swaziland into South Africa. Separate advisory councils of Africans and Europeans were established in the protectorate and the tribal rule and powers were further developed and regularized. Meanwhile, South Africa elected a nationalist government and established apartheid. A European-African advisory council was formed in 1951, and a consultative legislative council was established by a  constitution in 1961. In that year, South Africa withdrew from the British Commonwealth. Botswana Independence and Democratic Stability Independence was secured peacefully by Botswana in June  1964. They established a constitution in 1965 and held general elections to finalize independence in 1966. The first president was Seretse Khama, who was the grandson of King Khama III of the Bamangwato people and a prominent figure in the movement for independence. He was trained in law in Britain and married to a white British woman. He served three terms and died in office in 1980. His vice president, Ketumile Masire, likewise was reelected several times, followed by Festus Mogae and then Khamas son, Ian Khama. Botswana continues to have a stable democracy. Challenges for the Future Botswana is home to the worlds largest diamond mine and its leaders are wary of over-dependence on a single industry. Their economic growth has raised them into the middle-income bracket, although there is still high unemployment and socioeconomic stratification. A significant challenge is the HIV/AIDS epidemic, with a prevalence estimated at over 20 percent in adults, the third highest in the world.​Source: US Department of State Background Notes

Frederick Douglass And Frederick Douglass Analysis

Frederick Douglass’s speech The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro and John C. Calhoun’s Speech on the Reception of Abolition Petitions have some similarities and differences in the argument about slavery and its destiny with America. They both talk about slavery but in different ways. Douglass argues against slavery addressing that the signers of the Declaration of Independance put the interests of a country above their own and urges his listeners to continue the work of these great men who brought freedom to this land. While Calhoun argues for slavery responding to anti slavery petitions sent to the Senate by abolitionist groups, and unlike most southern politicians, Calhoun thought white southerners needed to stop apologizing for†¦show more content†¦Seventy-six years, though a good old age for a man, is but a mere speck in the life of a nation†¦ There is hope in the thought, and hope is much needed, under the dark clouds which lower above the horizo n. Douglas is starting to pave the way for his argument on slavery. He then starts on the American Revolution and their fight for freedom under the tyranny of British rule. He reminds the audience that, in 1776 many people thought it was dangerous to revolt against the British. Later in 1852 though, â€Å"to say now that America was right, and England wrong, is exceedingly easy.† In much similarity he states that in 1852 many people consider abolitionism a dangerous political stance. Douglas then implies that future generations will consider his stance reasonable. Douglas then goes on to the real purpose of his speech arguing about slavery and why its wrong. One of the key differences between Calhoun and Douglass is that douglass was more fiery when it came to giving speeches. For example, At a time like this, scorching irony, not convincing argument, is needed. O! had I the ability, and could I reach the nation’s ear, I would, to-day, pour out a fiery stream of biting ridicule, blasting reproach, withering sarcasm, and stern rebuke. For it is not light that is needed, but fire; it is not the gentle shower, but thunder. We need the storm, the whirlwind, and the earthquake. What, to the American slave, is your 4th ofShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1450 Words   |  6 PagesReid Champlin Mrs. Stack AP English, Period 7 14 August 2015 In His Own Words: Analysis of The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass They say that one can never fully understand a situation until he/she is put into that scenario themselves. Too often, history is written by those who have only read and researched the issues, remaining distant and objective to get all the facts straight. While there is honor in this approach, one cannot experience the horror of war, the thrill of victory, orRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Frederick Douglass1167 Words   |  5 Pagesforcibly taught the slaves about Christianity. Frederick Douglass, a notable abolitionist, presents the battles the continuing problem of the restricted literacy. As he furthered his understanding of the importance of education; Douglass ends up gaining the title of an autodidactic. Douglass’s purpose conveys the idea that if his audience, slaves, received education then freedom, the pursuit of happiness, and power will triumphed. Subsequently, Douglass denounces the practice of slavery---it shouldRead MoreAnalysis of Narrative of the life of Fr ederick Douglass, an American Slave500 Words   |  2 Pages Analysis of Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave In Modern day America, the thought of slavery is horrifying. It is a dark chapter in the American history and should be fought against at all costs now. However, American used to know the reality of the atrocities that occurred on various southern plantations. Its because of slave narratives that the American people have come to realize the inhumane nature of slavery and thus, that led to political activism. One Slave thatRead MoreAnalysis Of Frederick Douglass s The Passion 931 Words   |  4 PagesComprehension In the passion described through Frederick Douglass’s narrative excerpt, he reveals his difficult walk as a slave in â€Å"Learning to Read and Write.† Back in the mid 1800’s, Douglass became a recognized leader in the abolitionist movement; reassuring the enslaved in the southern United States that freedom is attainable. Douglass demonstrates, through his eyes, how one person’s passion to learn, could lead to a promising future. Douglass applies his mixed subjective experience and expressiveRead MoreAnalysis Of A Slave Narrative By Frederick Douglass1646 Words   |  7 Pagesboth the hardships of slaves as well as the capabilities of those freed from enslavement to achieve more. Within Frederick Douglass’ narrative, he depicts both his life as a slave and as a public figure after his emancipation. He achieves this by casting both images of himself in separate ways but while also alluding to how one identity has led to the formation of another. Frederick Douglas viewed his life as a slave as less than a life. To him existing as a slave was to hardly exist at all. HeRead MoreA Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Analysis1022 Words   |  5 PagesThrough the use of first person encounters, Frederick Douglass in his narrative â€Å"A Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass† argues that the key to freedom is claimed through education. He introduces this idea after his beginning steps in becoming educated and later reinforces it by providing extensive examples of his experience with; slave-masters, learning the alphabet, reading and writing, and the exposition of individual opinions in literature. Douglass’s first encounter with education isRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Analysis1060 Words   |  5 Pagesreformer Frederick Douglass narrates his experience of the rebellion in Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, escaping from slavery in Maryland and ending up becoming an anti-slavery writer and orator. He employs a dry tone throughout the passage, explaining both the positive and negative effects of slavery in an unbiased position. When looking back to the whole story of his rebellion, both spiritual and professional education are essential factors in his success. Frederick Douglass startedRead MoreAnalysis Of Frederick Douglass s World Literature 1144 Words   |  5 PagesJenifer E. Forrest Leslie Lovenstein World Literature from 1650 to the Present - Online 26 November 2014 Frederick Douglass: From Chains to Podium When a man grows up as an untaught slave in the southern eighteenth-century, he has no other ambitions than to be free. But for Frederick Douglass, freedom was merely step one. Douglass began his life on a plantation owed from the moment he arrived. He was not destined to stay put there. Born in (what he can come close to) 1818, he began life out as aRead MoreEssay on Analysis of Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1287 Words   |  6 PagesAn American slave by Frederick Douglass, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass Introduction The Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass can be referred to as a memoir and writing about the abolitionist movement of the life of a former slave, Fredrick Douglass. It is a highly regarded as the most famous piece of writing done by a former slave. Fredrick Douglass (1818-1895) was a social reformer, statesman, orator and writer in the United States. Douglass believed in the equality of everyRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Frederick Douglass Use Of Diction990 Words   |  4 PagesFrederick Douglass’ use of Diction Frederick Douglass was a great author who used a variety of literary devices to contribute to his overall writing. One of his main literary elements that he uses is diction. What is diction? According to Merriam Webster’s dictionary diction is the way in which words are used in speech or writing. Douglass’ use of diction helps emphasize key point about slavery that writes about. Also, diction helps to convey the message that Douglass is writing about. Douglass

Avogadros Law Example Problem

Avogadros gas law states the volume of a gas is proportional to the number of moles of gas present when the temperature and pressure are held constant. This example problem demonstrates how to use Avogadros law to determine the volume of a gas when more gas is added to the system. Avogadro's Law Equation Before you can solve any problem regarding Avogadros gas law, its important to review the equation for this law. There are a few ways to write this  gas law, which is a mathematical relation. It may be stated: k V/n Here, k is a proportionality constant, V is the volume of a gas, and n is the number of moles of a gas. Avogadros law also means the ideal gas constant is the same value for all gases, so: constant p1V1/T1n1   P2V2/T2n2V1/n1   V2/n2V​1n2   V2n1 where p is pressure of a gas, V is volume, T is temperature, and n is number of moles. Avogadro's Law Problem A 6.0 L sample at 25 °C and 2.00 atm of pressure contains 0.5 mole of a gas. If an additional 0.25 mole of gas at the same pressure and temperature are added, what is the final total volume of the gas? Solution First, express Avogadros law by its  formula: Vi/ni Vf/nfwhereVi initial volumeni initial number of molesVf final volumenf final number of moles For this example, Vi 6.0 L and ni 0.5 mole. When 0.25 mole is added: nf ni 0.25 molenf 0.5 mole 0.25 molenf 0.75 mole The only variable remaining is the final volume. Vi/ni Vf/nf Solve for Vf Vf ​ Vinf/niV​f (6.0 L x 0.75 mole)/0.5 moleVf 4.5 L/0.5 Vf 9 L Check to see if the answer makes sense. You would expect the volume to increase if more gas is added. Is the final volume greater than the initial volume? Yes. Doing this check is useful because it is easy to put the initial number of moles in the numerator and the final number of moles in the denominator. If this had happened, the final volume answer would have been smaller than the initial volume. Thus, the final volume of the gas is 9.0 Notes Regarding Avogadro's Law Unlike Avogadros number, Avogadros law was actually proposed by   Amedeo Avogadro. In 1811, he hypothesized two samples of an ideal gas with the same volume and at the same pressure and temperature contained the same number of molecules.Avogadros law is also called Avogadros principle or Avogadros hypothesis.Like the other ideal gas laws, Avogadros law only approximates the behavior of real gases. Under conditions of high temperature or pressure, the law is inaccurate. The relation works best for gases held at low pressure and ordinary temperatures. Also, smaller gas particles—helium, hydrogen, and nitrogen—yield better results than larger molecules, which are more likely to interact with each other.Another mathematical relation used to express Avogadros law is: V/n k Here, V is the volume, n is the number of moles of the gas, and k is the proportionality constant. Its important to note this means the ideal gas constant is the same for all gases.

Essay on Art in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man

Art in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man Stephen Dedalus philosophy of art, expressed in his discussion with Lynch in Chapter Five, seems essentially romantic, yet the novel is written in a very realistic mode typical of the twentieth century. This apparent inconsistency may direct us to one way of interpreting this novel. Dedalus idea of art may be Romantic, but because his world is no longer the world of the Romantics he has to see art more as a fundamental validation of his own being than as a communication of a special vision. Two aspects of Romanticism figure into this analysis of A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. First, the Romantics defining belief in some connection between the human spirit†¦show more content†¦His view of art is Romantic, but his view of the role of the artist is Realistic. The Romantic View of Art The Platonic-Romantic aspect of Dedalus esthetic philosophy is apparent in his reference to Plato, whose idea of beauty and truth as translated by Dedalus, sounds much like the famous last lines of Keatss Ode on a Grecian Urn: Beauty is truth, truth beauty,emdash;that is all/ Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know. Dedalus says of Plato, Plato, I believe, said that beauty is the splendour of truth (208). Platos own philosophy held tightly to the notion that the world is only a mundane copy of Ideal Forms. This is reflected pretty clearly in Dedalus analysis of the esthetic emotion as static: The esthetic emotion . . . is therefore static. The mind is arrested and raised above desire and loathing (205). The minds being raised above the mundane is nothing other than the function that Plato envisioned for philosophyemdash;to allow us a glimpse of the world of divine forms, which ordinary experience, seeing only the mundane and mortal, does not give. There is a clear echo of transcendentalist philosophy too, in the idea of being raised above the limitations of ordinary earthly life. Transcendentalism, recall, argued that the only path to truth was through intuition, and bypassing both the intellect and the information of the senses. Transcendentalism was pure Romanticism, experiencedShow MoreRelatedExamples Of Aestheticism In The Picture Of Dorian Gray1284 Words   |  6 Pagesaestheticism. He tried his hand at various literary activities. He was an Irish playwright, novelist, essayist and poet. He refined his ideas about the importance of art in a series of dialogues and essays, and incorporated themes of duplicity, beauty and decadence. He incorporated all these vital characteristics that define the supremacy of art into his only novel The Picture of Dorian gray written in 1890. This novel bore the true essence of what an aesthetic literature brought to the table. The strongRead MoreMuseum Essay1417 Words   |  6 Pages` Judge, Stephanie Art 100 Museum Essay and Online Museum Essay Bibliography: William-Adolphe Bouguereau Biography. Bouguereau Biography. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Oct. 2012. lt;http://www.bouguereau.org/biography.htmlgt;. MFAH | Top 100 Highlights | #1 - The Elder Sister. MFAH | Top 100 Highlights | #1 - The Elder Sister. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Sept. 2012. lt;http://www.mfah.org/art/100-highlights/Elder-Sister-Bouguereau/gt;. Online Museum Essay William-Adolphe BouguereauRead MoreThe Social And Historical Context Of A Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man And My Son1436 Words   |  6 PagesIn this essay response I shall discuss the social and historical context of A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and My Son the Fanatic and how they enhance our understanding of the texts and then compare the two in their respective contexts. Religious extremism is a social ideology that is heavily implemented into both A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and My Son the Fanatic. With Steven Dedalus being subjected to his traditional family views of Catholicism as was the author of A PortraitRead MoreAnalysis Of Kehinde Wiley s Large Scale, Brightly Colored2992 Words   |  12 Pagesbrightly colored, highly patterned portraits of African American subjects are a salute to traditional portraiture as well as a critique of the art historical focus on the privileged male Caucasian. The artist scouts out ordinary black men of ages 18 to 25 from urban settings to copy poses from works by master Western painters like Titian and Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres. The photographs of their poses become Wiley’s references for his enormous, dazzlingly vibrant portraits. The extreme realism of theRead More James Joyces A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and Flann OBriens At Swim-Two-Birds and Modernist Writing2431 Words à ‚  |  10 PagesJames Joyces A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and Flann OBriens At Swim-Two-Birds and Modernist Writing The Twentieth Century found literature with a considerably different attitude and frame-of-mind than had the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. Two hundred years is, of course, a long time to allow change within genres, but after the fairly gradual progression of the novel as a form, its change in the hands of modernism happened rapidly in comparison. Explaining how textsRead MoreA Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man1594 Words   |  7 Pages EL111 The purpose of this essay is to discuss how James Joyce’s seminal novel A Portrait of the Artist as a young man, is experimental with regards to plot, point of view, language, symbolism, style and character development, and will begin with a brief introduction. Many artists, be they of the pen, brush or instrument, seek through innovation an artistic immortality that has the potential to act as a blueprint from which imitation is spawned. Joyce’s Portrait is at its core innovative pioneeringRead More Humanism Essay example1241 Words   |  5 Pageshumanists, however, were sometimes skeptical as to the authority of the ancient writers.   Medieval humanists accepted pagan and classical authors uncritically.   The humanists of the Renaissance, however, viewed the classics from a Christian perspective, Man is created in Gods image.   They rejected any classical ideas that opposed Christianity but sometimes found an underlying harmony between secular and pagan ideas and the Christian faith.   The humanists of the Renaissance loved the language ofRead MoreShort Story: Me and Dave and Mount Olympus735 Words   |  3 Pagesin the human species because the society always has been divided into several social groups. This is a problem today because human of a higher order feels to people with a lower social rank, which creates a lot of ignorance and hate. Michel Faber’s essay from 2006; Me and Dave and Mount Olympus, deals with problem such as inequality, social accept, ignorance and realisation. The story is told as a memory by a first person narrator. The use of a first person narrator makes the telling become veryRead MoreArt And The Modern Era And Impact The 20th Century1522 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Art is a human activity, the product of this activity or the idea that we are in fact deliberately targeting sense, emotions and intellect. Art and writing are different forms of expression but they both can convey the same intensity for the creator. Art can be used to express thoughts, emotions and feelings whereas writing is a form of expressing ideas and opinions. Pablo Picasso and Ernest Hemingway are those two names, which they don’t need to identification. TheyRead MoreEssay on Annie Liebovitzs Women2280 Words   |  10 Pagesentitled Women according to my interpretation of feminist philosophy, then used this aesthetic impression to evaluate the efficacy of feminist theories as they apply toward evaluating and understanding art. â€Å"A photograph is not an opinion. Or is it?† So begins Susan Sontags introductory essay to the book Women, a collection of photographs by Annie Leibovitz. Collected without a stated intention other than to treat on the subject matter at hand, Leibovitz’s images confront a wide spectrum of

Teaching Experience What I Learned Free Essays

Final Reflective Essay on Teaching and Learning I have learned three things from my student teaching experience: effective pedagogy, classroom management, and humility. In this expository essay I will briefly explain each of the above-mentioned and explain why it is important. Among foreign language teachers, there is debate about how to most effectively teach. We will write a custom essay sample on Teaching Experience: What I Learned or any similar topic only for you Order Now The debate can be simplified to two pedagogical approaches; grammarbased vs. immersion-based. The grammar approach to learning a foreign language is traditional and still the dominate pedagogy in use today. If you took French, German, or Spanish in high school, this is how you were taught. The grammar approach is a mechanical approach to language-learning and has advantages and disadvantages. For example, if I am teaching a student the verb â€Å"to go,† I would write the various forms on the board: I go, you go, he/she goes, etc.. I would then direct students to practice this verb through written or spoken activities. When I think that I have adequately taught the verb, I would likely give a formative assessment to check student comprehension. And so it goes, piece by piece, I put together a language for my students. The advantage of this approach is that it is simple and very comprehensible. It’s like putting together a puzzle, one piece at a time. Students do not experience tremendous anxiety and do not feel lost in a sea of incomprehensible words. The principle disadvantage of this approach is that it is slow to build fluency. For those of you who took a foreign language in high school or even college, how much do you really remember now? The solution to the problem of fluency is immersion. One form of controlled immersion is called â€Å"TPRS,† and is the focus of the next few paragraphs. Language teachers and learners know that the key component to learning a foreign language is to travel abroad and live in that country. Teachers began experimenting with ways to duplicate this powerful learning experience in the classroom, and I feel that TPRS is the most successful imitation of it to date. TPRS stands for â€Å"Total Proficiency through Reading and Storytelling. † This pedagogical technique recognizes that a class meeting five days per week for less than an hour cannot imitate a true immersion xperience because true immersion involves a 24/7 experience. Instead, TPRS imitates the most salient and valuable features of immersion. Like the grammar approach, it has advantages and disadvantages. In TPRS, the teacher selects the most critical, high-frequency words and tells a repetitive story with them. For example, if I were teaching my students the same ver b â€Å"to go,† I would invent or borrow a simple, silly story. Then I would repeat â€Å"to go† over fifty times in that story. Prior to beginning the story I would briefly explain â€Å"to go† and write it on the board. Students are repeatedly exposed to important, high-frequency words in context, similar to what happens in the true immersion experience. Like the true immersion experience, TPRS builds fluency well. This better fluency is possible because the pedagogy imitates a part of the true immersion. The disadvantage to TPRS is that the grammar is delayed. A first-year TPRS student might say something weird like, â€Å"I eats peaches,† because he hasn’t yet learned that it should be said, â€Å"I eat peaches. † I conclude that TPRS is the most effective pedagogy. Compared to the traditional grammar approach, it builds fluency faster. The TPRS students I speak to report that they feel like they’re learning more and more engaged when compared to their previous grammar experiences. I believe that building fluency is the most important thing I can offer language-learners, and therefore my introduction to TPRS was the most important pedagogical event in my world. Because pragmatism is central to my teaching philosophy, I will most certainly use this technique. Classroom management is one of the most important skills a teacher can have because it really refers to whether or not the teacher has the class on-task and learning. If the class is not on-task, then learning is not taking place! I will briefly tell the story of my experience with eighth-grade students re classroom management and then explain why this knowledge is very important. When I â€Å"took the reins† of my new classroom at C R Anderson Middle School, I purposefully did not change my cooperating teacher’s procedures and routines. I thought that changing to my teaching style immediately would be too abrupt and instead gradually transitioned to my different style. Things went smoothly for several weeks†¦ students were on-task and learning. Then I completed the transition from the student’s familiar routines and procedures to mine. A week or two after all old routines and procedures were gone, I began to lose control of my students. I was flabbergasted by some of the behavioral problems that appeared, often in students that had never been problematic before. I could see that I was losing them, so I tightened up discipline and started giving out detentions. Although my tighter discipline quieted the class down, it was not an effective solution because 1)I was spending class time giving out detentions and 2) they really weren’t on task, they were just more quiet. I read an excerpt from a Master Teacher’s book on classroom management (Mr. Wong) and it changed my life. I realized that the reason my students were no longer on task is because I had failed to provide them with routines and procedures. For example, I did not implement a seating chart. This was a procedure that the students were used to and its absence created a sense of anxiety that translated into classroom management problems. I re-implemented the procedures and routines that had been in place with my cooperating teacher and immediately got my students (for the most part) back ontask. I cannot stress how important routines and procedures are for keeping students on-track and learning. Without solid classroom management, I may just as well be running a study hall. Because a teacher’s purpose is to be teaching, my acquisition of this critical skill changed my life. I owe a thanks to my cooperating teacher, Mrs. Barb Cooper, Mr. Wong, and SOE instructors for providing me with excellent classroom management materials. Lastly, I have learned humility. I am in general a confident person and take pride in being competent in my subject. Student teaching taught me that I did not know everything. I would hate to be in a profession or job where I felt like I was done learning or where I felt bored. I now know with certainty that I love teaching, and knowing that about a career before looking for a job is important. I am not the absolute best classroom manager, nor am I the absolute best at TPRS. I do, however, have very good tools and experience to guide my mastery of these subjects, and I am extremely optimistic and eager to continue teaching as a professional. I am grateful to my cooperating teachers, their schools, and the SOE for the professional support and guidance they provided. The sense of humility I now possess is what allows me to continue to grow professionally, and continued growth, above all other qualities, is important to me. How to cite Teaching Experience: What I Learned, Papers

Pearl Harbor Attacked Essay Example For Students

Pearl Harbor Attacked Essay Attack on Pearl Harbor At 7:53 AM, the aerial onslaught began with the second wave perpetuated at 8:55. A radiogram was sent from the Commander in Chief of the Pacific Fleet: Air raid on Pearl Harbor. This is no drill. Within two hours, the carnage had concluded leaving 2,403 people dead in the smoldering ruins. Almost two hundred planes and eight battleships also laid crippled in the channel. As horrific as the crime scene was, many people still ponder if it was actually a complete surprise. Evidence supports the fact that Roosevelt had been warned several times about Japans idea to attack the harbor. Many believe that he lured them in by anchoring most of the Pacific Fleet there. Franklin Deleanor Roosevelt was not a moral man, and he wanted to go to war. In addition, most of the ships left in Hawaii were old and outdated. Roosevelt did not particularly want to enter war with Japan; he wanted to fight with Germany. However, in his campaign promises he pledged not to send our soldiers overseas unless attacked. In order for Hitler to declare war on the United States, we had to appear beatable. Upon the destruction of our Pacific Fleet we appeared just that. We declared war on Japan and Germany declared war on us. Roosevelts plan ran well. Americans were irate about the terror in the tropics, and so Roosevelt got his war. In his speech Franklin said, No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the American people and their righteous might will win through to absolute victory. Our absolute victory came with Trumans thumbs up to drop the atomic bomb. This forced Japan to surrender to the powerful U.S. Brett Berry Words / Pages : 303 / 24 .